Movie: Stories from the Stone Age

• Open grounds, like a big garden. "Fertile" environment.

• Dorothy Garrot. She looked in caves and found a man, so distinctive she fought she had found a new kind of people. The Natufians.

• She also found a tool made for cutting grass. The Natufians then had to carry all of it themselves  back to their homes.

• Today it is much more hotter on those same grounds. Not green as a beautiful garden any more.

• Scientists have discovered that the Natufians had everything they needed in that place. The stayed  in the same place all the time (their small shelters, but moved a lot while hunting and on the days).
• They where the first to build shelters that held from years to year, generation to generation. The  chose their place to establish their villages very carefully.

• Despite their lack of food sometimes and their way to live, they seemed to be fit, to be in shape.

• They made their own tools, which where stones that they made in different shapes. Flint stone  where used a lot. Gesell bones where also used to make tools.

• The Natufians  had a special feeling for decorations.

• Pancakes are the ancestors to todays flat bread.

• They also ate fruits and berries when the season was right. This made them be able to have a  mixed diet and get different nutrient that a human needs to survive.
• They had meetings between different clans and made swaps with tools and food and decorations.

• Their graveyard was under the fireplace. The dead where berried their with a stone and a couple of  other small things. For example dead rabbits.

• In 10 years it all ended. The glaciers came back.
• Clans split up into small groups and had huge troubles with finding food. Many died along the way.

• They found a place with an oasis. It was a whole new environment but it was their only way to  survive.

• They where the worlds first farmers. They took their own last food, the seeds they still had left and  sacrificed it by planted them in the ground to get food for the future.
• There have been findings of a place where there have been a farm (where the Natufians farmed).

The Venus - features and theories

Features:

• Big breasts

• Big bottoms

• No feet

• No faces

• Big hips

• Generally a hourglass body shape

• Protruding Genitals

What was it?

How was it used?

What does it show?

EVIDENCE	WHAT DOES IT SHOW?
Nomadic	No feet.
Hunting	Since they had no feet this reflects the female role about  not moving around as much, more staying at home with the kids and taking care of the home and gathering, while the men hunted. They had thin arms since the men should be the strong ones, they had to hunt, the women did not.
Gathering	Same as above.
Small Groups	All tribes/communities are based on small groups from the beginning.  Then they (the different communities)have developed as you can see on their decorative heads that differ from each other.
Tight Knit Communities	All Venuses represented all the different cultures. Every Venus head had different decorations, which shows that they are from different cultures.
No Communication Between Groups	They had no mouths therefor poor communication. It is a little bit like old stories, since they were settled around the whole world they have to had been communicating in some way, interbreeding and talk - I tell somebody, than he/she tells somebody else and it keeps going on like that. The only question mark is then how did they talk to each other? Since they have no mouth.
Childrearing	Their exaggerated hips, breasts and reproductive organs are in benefit for them to be able to give birth to many children. Their facial features were special in that way.
Absence of Conflict	No purpose to fight.
Anthropological Studies	How humans lived during this time. What they ate, where they lived and so on.
Venus Characteristics Large breasts and hips Thin Arms No Feet Covered Head Protruding Genitals Found Everywhere

Different theories about the Venus:

• Great mother (goddess) - the goddess of life and kindness, with facial features to benefit childrearing.
• The optimal woman - big hips, breasts and genitals because it would be easy to give birth and not just to one child but to many. Thin arms and no feet so that she should not moa around or hunt.
• Goddess of fertility - big genital and breasts and hips. She is special so she does not have to work, therefor no feet and thin arms. She has no face due to that she is anonymous, someone that everybody could be able to relate to.  

Skull map

Two theories

 Two major theories

"Out of Africa"

• Begins in Africa and Erectus comes from there. Then it gets to China and evolves into Archaic. That hominid then gets to Europe. The last to dies out and then the modern Homo Sapiens evolves.

"Multiregional hypothesis"

• Begins with Erectus in Africa and goes on to china and to Europe. In those three areas the erectus stays and starts to evolve into the later different species. Evolves into Archaic and then the evolve into homo sapiens modern in all of these three different places. They adapted into their environments and therefor changes a bit. The interbreeding keeps these groups from totally growing apart.

A DNA test can settle the debate about the racial differences.

You can not say that both of these theories are true because they have some things that contradicts each other. Both can not be true.

Skull location

Australopithecus Afarencis was found almost over whole Africa.

Homo Erectus are the first hominid to leave Africa. Found in Europe and Ukraine and China.

Homo Sapiens Archaic are found in Lake Turkana in Africa, one in Java and the majority have gone to Europe. It is hard to se the differences between the skeletons from the Homo Erectus and the Home Archaic. They found stone tools in Europe around the Homo Archaic. A hand axe, very basic and you can use it for cutting and scraping. It was not a range of different tools.

Neanderthal. Shorter limes, as legs and arms so that they could be able to keep themselves hot longer. The Neanderthal was found a lot around Europe and some in the middle east. More advanced stone tools.

Homo Sapiens Modern was the first hominid to get to Australia.

Definitions of history

history

The past

History

Academic study of the human past using written records

Prehistory

The human past before written records 3.500 B.C 900 A.D

Spets timeline last part

Read left to right. First part posted below.